Feed Line Eclipse

Control Of The National Grid

Power generation and transmission statistics

Total generating capacity is about 70 GW, supplied roughly equally by nuclear, coal fired and gas fired power stations.

In the UK, the peak winter demand is 57 GW. N.B: This peak would be much higher if it were not suppressed by various mechanisms such as maximum demand tariffs, and the system of triad warnings and charges.

Annual energy used in the UK is around 360 TWh (1.3 EJ). N.B: The average load factor is then 3.61011/(8,760 57106) = 72%

There is generally about 1.5 GW of so called spinning reservehis is typically a large power station paid to produce at less than full output. So, a typical power station, which might have 4 generating sets each of 660 MW, giving a total output of 2.64 GW, might only be operating at 2 GW, with the steam boiler full, but with the steam valve not fully open. At the request from National Grid control centre, or under command from the generator governor this valve can open up and deliver an extra 640 MW in 20 to 30 seconds. This requires the boiler air fans and the coal feeders to increase output accordingly. The greater the total load on the system, and/or the greater the expectation of large demand fluctuations (at the end of popular TV programmes for example) the larger the proportion of spinning reserve set by National Grid plc.

NG pays to have up to 8.5 GW of additional capacity available to start immediately but not running, referred to as warming or hot standby, that is ready to be used at short notice which could take half an hour to 2 hours to bring on line. Generally, there will be more of such hot standby capacity whenever there is a large amount of expected disturbance on the system. The cost of fuel or tonne of CO2 emitted by keeping such plant warm is tiny in comparison with the amount of fuel used to generate power, maybe equivalent to the fuel used to produce a quarter of a MW compared to a full load fuel demand for a large set of 1.8 GW. Often quoted talk about the high costs of standby spinning reserve are misleading.

A similar amount of power stations (810 GW by capacity) are operable from a cold start in about 12 hours for coal burning stations, and 2 hours for gas fired stations.

At any one time a large number of power stations are unavailable due to regular maintenance, being off-line due to a fault becoming apparent, or because of sudden breakdown.

Other stations are mothballed or deep-mothballed which means they cannot be readily called upon; even in an emergency it may take several months to de-mothball. In Summer 2006, Fawley Power Station near Southampton was de-mothballed to cope with anticipated power capacity shortages for winter 2006/07.

500550 MW of instantaneous load reduction. Effectively capacity can be supplied by the Frequency Response participants mentioned below: steel works, cold stores, etc.

Approx. 750 MW of Standing Reserve diesel generators (as offered by many other uses of small diesels such as factories, water companies, distribution centres and so on), small gas turbines (e.g., 22 MW operated by First Energy) which as we shall see augment the Frequency Service arrangements.

2 GW fast response plant such as large open cycle gas turbines (OCGTs). OCGTs are gas turbines that are in the range 25100 MW, and which can start in a few minutes (slower to start than diesel engines and marginally less reliable upon start up). Normally, these are not used for power generation since their low operating efficiency means that the cost per kWh supplied is prohibitively expensive. However, they have low capital cost, as demonstrated by the 100 MW unit at White City, London.

The pumped storage schemes at Dinorwig and Ffestiniog can offer up to 2 GW of power within 15 seconds. (Incidentally, at the time Dinorwig was built, which was solely to cope with the inflexibility of nuclear power and the inherent unreliability/indeterminacy of large power stations, a further similar station was planned on Exmoor but was never built, so presumably it could still be built if the need arose.)

A cross channel HVDC power line can bring in up to 2 GW of power from France, though this tends to be unreliable.

Matching of power station output to load

To keep a stable voltage and frequency, the power generated at any instant has to be kept close to the load imposed. To do this, National Grid continuously forecasts load ahead on various timescales, 7 years, annually by season (winter outlook and summer outlook), daily, hourly, and shorter time frames. This is done at its national control centre at St Catherines House in Sindlesham near Wokingham in Berkshire.

For the rolling 24 ahead, it estimates what the load is then likely to be based mainly what the load is at the moment of forecast, but adjusted for likely weather changes, day of the week and other special events. it then schedules the required power stations, plus the appropriate reserve. As time progresses, the forecast is constantly updated until real time is approached, when the balancing is largely automatic using spinning reserve.

Short term and instantaneous load and generation response mechanisms

The national grid is organized, and power stations distributed, in such a way as to cope with sudden, unforeseen and dramatic changes in either load or generation. It is designed to cope with the simultaneous or nearly simultaneous failure of 2 660 MW sets, which it evidently does with ease as these events happen on average at least once a month.

Spinning Reserve

National Grid pays to keep a number of large power station generators partly loaded. These are connected to a frequency controlled governor, and will automatically regulate the steam fed to the turbines to keep the frequency at around 50 Hz. This is generally satisfactory for most large load changes or the loss of a turbine generator set.

Pumped Storage

Pumped storage as in Dinorwig Power Station is also used in addition to spinning reserve to keep the system in balance.

Frequency Service

For large perturbations, which can exceed the capability of spinning reserve, NG (National Grid plc) who operate the national grid and control the operations of power stations (but does not own them) has a number of partners who are known as NG Frequency Service, National Grid Reserve Service or reserve service participants.

These are large power users such as steel works, cold stores, etc. who are happy to enter into a contract to be paid to be automatically disconnected from power supplies whenever grid frequency starts to fall. An example of such a participant would be a large steel melting furnace, which may take a day to heat up using an electric arc or induction heater, and is not adversely affected if the process is delayed by 20 minutes. The same applies to a large cold store where interruption in cooling for 20 minutes can readily be accepted in the same way as the normal domestic freezer can happily be shut off for 12 hours without gaining significant temperature rise. These disconnections can obviously assist enormously if a sudden power demand is made on the grid or if there is the sudden loss of generating capacity.

This instant switch off is achieved using a relay provided by NG mounted on the power supply to the major plant switch gear. It is set to detect the falling frequency which can occur when a large power station fails suddenly or there is a sudden rise in demand, and opens the circuit breaker to the furnace or cold store. Ancillary circuits in the factory are unaffected, such as lights and power sockets. These Frequency Service participants are contracted to stay off for up to 20 minutes.

NG can be remotely monitor and control the exact settings on the relay, such as the exact frequency at which the relay disconnects the load, whether the relay is armed or not, whether the customer has temporarily exercised his option to disable the relay, etc.

These Frequency Service participants receive a fee which is of the order of more than several thousand pounds per MW each yeart is a capacity fee per MW not per MWh.

Standing Reserve

Operating closely with NG Frequency Response is the National Grid Reserve Service now called STOR or Short Term Operating Reserve . NG Standing Reserve participants are small diesel engine owners, and Open Cycle gas turbine generator owners, who are paid to start up and connect to the grid within 20 minutes from the time Frequency Response customers are called to disconnect. These participants must be reliable and able to stay on and run for an hour or so, with a repetition rate of 20 hours.

National Grid has about 500 MW of diesel generators on contract, and 150 MW of gas turbines with about 2,000 MW of disconnect-able load.

Reserve Service partners include utility companies, hospitals, and police headquarters; all of which require small-scale generating facilities as backup for their primary functions.

A typical Reserve Service partner is Wessex Water one of ten water and sewerage companies in England and Wales, covering Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire and parts of Avon. Wessex Water has about 550 emergency standby diesel engines, totalling 110 MW of capacity whose primary function is to power essential services such as sewage works and water supply works during power failures which happens on average a few hours each year. Of this number, about 33 units totalling 18 MW are also used in a number of non-emergency ways commercially which are called collectively Load Management, and which includes routinely feeding power into the Local Distribution System and ultimately the National Grid. These generators currently have a 4 minute start up and paralleling capability automatically from the control room, and are currently being modified to enable start ups in less than one minute. These units are quite small, 0.24 MW to 1 MW range and are used by the National Grid on a regular call-off basis to supplement its arrangements with power station owners. Essentially this systems drastically cut the amount of expensive Spinning Reserve that would otherwise be needed.

Substantial fees can be earned simply for making these engines available, again backed up by complex contracts with specified levels of reliability, response times, frequency of use, and so on. There are many other such participants including Thames Water and Anglian Water, but these companies have not made detailed information available.

Diesel generators in the National Grid Reserve Service

UK National Grid uses load reduction and diesel generators in private hands, primarily used for emergency power during power failure, but with a secondary role to assist the National Grid.

Until 2007, small diesel generators (150 kW2 MW) were all started and feeding power into the grid within four minutes from receiving the start signal from National Grid. This delay was mainly due to the time taken to contact each set. There were four auto-diallers and modems each of which having to make the calls in series. The company has now switched to broadband where the calls are instantaneous and the start up time is now less than 30 seconds to full load, which is far less than any conventional power station.

With specially modified diesel engines (all standard factory made modifications such as air pressure vessels to start the turbochargers, air start rather than battery start, jacket warming, continuous pre-lubrication, continuous slow rotation, etc.), start up and full loading can be achieved within one second.

Use of the Reserve Service and Frequency Service in practice

An example illustrating how the Reserve Service and Frequency Service are used in order to cope with intermittency/variability is given below:

Consider, if a 660 MW turbine generator set (the standard size of large steam turbine) trips (large power stations usually consist of 2 or 4 sets each of 660 MW). This can happen for all sorts of reasons: a coal crusher might break down, boiler tubes might fail, an alternator might start to overheat, insulation might fail on the alternator. In the event of certain failures, the generating set would automatically trip out and the grid has suddenly loses 660 MW. On a typical day, this might be 1.3% of the total national grid output. Due to the immediate increased load on the remaining generating sets, grid frequency immediately starts to drop from the standard 50 Hz. (An alternative scenario, leading to the same frequency drop, could be a sudden and unexpectedly large surge in power demand as happens at the end of certain tv programmes, when people all rush to switch on electric kettles etc)

As soon as this happens, the under frequency relays on Frequency Response customers begin to trip off their load as the frequency falls, ultimately to shed total load equal to 660 MW. These relays are set at a range of frequency between 48.5 and 49.5, so the 660 MW of generation that has been lost is not instantly matched by these relays shedding 660 MW of load simultaneously but progressively as the frequency drops, until exactly enough is shed to exactly match the remaining power station capacity. This will then stabilise the frequency at its now lower levelerhaps 49.3 Hz. This all happens in less than a second. These Frequency Response participants are only contracted to have their shed loads for up to 20 minutes.

At the same time, the NG Control Room issues start up signals to sufficient of its Standing Reserve Service participants for the shortfall (in this case, 660 MW) which by contract have to become available within 20 minutes. The NG control room is monitoring the situation and if sufficient Standing Reserve capacity does not come on, then it can order more until it has exactly matched what the Frequency Response relays have shed. (These relays are monitored in real time by NGT's telemetry systems)

Due to differing circumstances on the ground, different Standing Reserve participants will have different start up times and reliabilities which again NG monitors using telemetry. However, when sufficient Standing Reserve has become available, which would be in less than 20 minutes, the Frequency Response loads (steel furnaces, cold stores etc) are gradually and automatically re-connected by the relays. The original NG Frequency Response relays are then re-armed by NG.

Up to an hour or so later, the output of the Standing Reserve diesels and gas turbines, (which are nearly all in the hands of those not involved in commercial power generation) will have been augmented, and then replaced with new levels of large gas or coal fired power stations which together will have driven the frequency back to its correct level close to 50 Hz. The diesels can then be stood down, ready for the next emergency.

The replacement generation sources would have come from increased outputs from other power stations on spinning reserve, resulting in increased output. At the same time new levels of spinning reserve will have been created, which might have been stations on hot standby/warming now switched to running. Increased levels of stations on hot standby will also be called for.

The foregoing is a brief description of how the National Grid organises itself and the dispatch of power stations to cope with sudden, unforeseen and dramatic changes in load or generation.

The point to note is that complicated as this may sound, this has been going on for many years as the loads imposed on the grid, and supply of power from power stations is by itself extremely intermittent already, simply due to the sudden and unpredictable failure of these large 660 MW generating sets, or sometimes the entire power stations; and the sudden changes in load which can happen at the end of a major TV program, or events such as the last eclipse of the sun. These latter can cause surges of several GW which whilst larger in magnitude than the sudden loss of 2 660 MW sets, are not instantaneous and so are not as severe a shock to the national grid system.

It should be noted that however reliable a power station is, grid operators have to assume that it can fail, and that it will fail, so its replacement must always be running and available.

The value of providing this service is considerable.

Voltage Control

There are a number of ways that voltage control is undertaken on the National Grid 400, 275, 132 kV system. This can be done by:

Over/under excitation of generators

Switching in/out of shunt reactors

Switching out of overhead line and underground cable circuits

Tap staggering of both supergrid and grid transformers

Under/over excitation of synchronous compensators

Declutching open cycle gas-turbines into the synchronous compensation mode

Static variable compensators

Manually-switched capacitor banks

Synchronous compensation of generators

Sources of intermittency on the UK National Grid

The largest source of intermittency on the UK National Grid is the power stations; in fact, the single largest source is Sizewell B nuclear power station. Whenever Sizewell B is operating the entire 1.3 GW output is liable to stop at any time without warning. Its capacity is 2.16% of the national grid maximum demand, making it the single largest power source and therefore the largest source of intermittence. Despite this issue, NG readily copes with it using the methods outlined above including the use of diesel engines. An industry wide rate of unplanned scrams of 0.6 per 7000 hours critical, means that such a shut down without warning is expected to happen about once every year and a half. However, no matter how low the rate of unplanned scrams, this is largely irrelevant - what matters is the fact that it can and does happen, and measures have to be in place to deal with it.

In a recent case, both Sizewell and Longannet power stations, both stopped unexpectedly within minutes of each other, in fact causing widespread power failures, as sub stations were tripped off using prearranged under frequency relays.

Paradoxically, although wind power is inherently intermittent and variable it is in fact much more reliable than conventional plant. Consider a 660 MW plant, which could be replaced by perhaps 900 3 MW wind turbines to give the same annual output of energy. On a day when wind strength is enough to give a total output of 600 MW, then these 900 cannot all fail mechanically simultaneously; nor could a drop in wind instanteously cause all stations to suddenly produce zero output. Whereas 660 MW routinely suffer total and instantaneous shutdowns,

Furthermore, the most reliable form of wind forecasting is to simply look at the total output of the wind turbine themselves in all probability, what they are producing at one point in time, is likely to be produced one hour later, or only a small change from that. If this prediction window is decreased 20 minutes, 10 minutes 5 minutes, the difference in total national wind power output becomes less and less, and even at 5 minutes, that is ample time to raise or lower spinning reserve accordingly. There is thus ample time to cope with these changes by calling up or standing down more or less plant. If the 5 minute estimates are wrong then the Frequency Service and Reserve Service diesels will clearly have the resilience to cope with it.

Diesel generators

Perhaps surprisingly, a large number of small diesel generators are currently used within the national grid, in order to assist with sudden shortages of capacity or intermittency. This offers the owners and operators of such plant significant benefits. Since the plants are already paid for other reasons, this capacity comes extremely cheaplyypically 5/kW each year.

Connecting diesel generators to the National Grid

All modern diesel generators come with an electronic governor and this enables them to be safely synchronised and paralleled with each other and the mains. To do this the generator set must be operating at exactly the same frequency as the mains, and exactly in phase when the circuit breaker is closed. This is all handled automatically by the electronic speed governor and synchronising system.

To meet the technical and safety standards of the electricity distribution companies, special monitors are required so that the set stays paralleled safely and is automatically disconnected if there is a fault. This G59 equipment (as it is colloquially referred to) is relatively inexpensive nowadays.

Diesel generators participating in Reserve Service

There are many private owners and operators of small diesel generators contributing to Reserve Service: Wessex Water is typical and has a total of about 550 diesel powered generators ranging in size from 50 kW to 1.2 MW, with a total capacity of over 110 MW. 32 sets spread across 24 sites totalling 18 MW have already been converted to Load Management, and some of the others are now being converted as well. These are at clean water sewage treatment works. These figures are quotable because Wessex Water has gone on the record in a number of conferences and seminars on the subject.

Many other water companies, hospitals, factories have similar arrangements.

The number of diesel generators in the UK

According to EA Technology nationally there are up to 20 GW of emergency diesels. With the right financial incentives and explanations of the benefits large numbers of these could be brought into the Reserve Service type of scheme. Over 20 years this practice and associated technology will probably become standard.[citation needed]

Revenue earning opportunities from third parties

Diesel generator owners also may have contracts with national generating and energy supply companies who pay to operate the diesels remotely from time to time. This is for their own balancing purposes and when they are short of capacity. Notably there was extensive third party running during the gas shortages of winter 2005-2006 when most of the CCGTs that could also switched from gas to run on liquid fuels.

Transmission cost, distribution costs

The relative costs of both transmission and distribution are reviewed here.

Triads

Triads are both a revenue earning opportunity and a way of assessing National Grid high voltage transmission costs.

Triad demand is measured as the average demand on the system over three half hours between November and February (inclusive) in a financial year. These three half hours comprise the half hour of system demand peak and the two other half hours of highest system demand which are separated from system demand peak and each other by at least ten days. These half hours of peak demand are usually referred to as triads.

Triad avoidance are a further revenue earning opportunity for diesel generator set owners separate from Reserve Service, where the diesels can earn substantial amounts by reducing a site's peak demand at national grid peak periods.

This is because the way the National Grid is paid for is by means of a capacity not energy charge (i.e., a charge on kW not kWh). This is levied on the distributors (DNO): Centrica, BGB, Powergen, etc., who then pass it on to their customers in a more or less transparent way.

The charge is calculated in retrospect, by NG looking back over each of the 17,520 half hours and locating the half hours, separated by at least 10 days, of total NG system maximum demand which at peak might approach 60 GW. Having identified these triad period half hours, it then charges each of the energy supply companies according to their average peak loads in GW on the national grid system during those three half hour periods.

For example at the extremity of the system, the Western Power Distribution area in the South West, the total annual transmission cost is about 21,000 per MW per year, again charged to supply companies at the average of their loads at the three triad half hours.

So, if you can cut your load by 1 MW or start a 1 MW diesel during those periods you can save 21,000 whereas the fuel cost will be a trifling 150.

The snag is that it isn't easy to predict exactly when the triads are going to occur, so to ensure triad capture, Wessex Water starts its generators about 30 times per year for about 1 hour, expending about 3,000 on fuel. Since the triads always occur at times of high power prices, further savings are obtained from avoiding the purchase of power during the same time, which might be about 3,000 which more or less offsets the cost of diesel.

Wessex Water pays for a triad forecasting service which typically are received at 11:00 for a triad expected at around 17:30 later that day.

Triads usually occur at either 17:00, 17:30 or 18:00 on winter weekdays except Friday, between 1 November and 31 March.

Potential conflicts

Wessex Water clearly can't be running for triads and third parties when it has taken a capacity payment from NG to keep its generators available. However Wessex Water's contracts enable it to declare its generators unavailable during the anticipated triad periods, so they will call someone else. Wessex Water also declares the status of it generators automatically by the control system in real time to the third party so they also know when they can or cannot be available.

See also

Brittle Power

Demand response

Relative cost of electricity generated by different sources

Economics of new nuclear power plants (for cost comparisons)

Energy security and renewable technology

High-voltage direct current

Intermittent energy source

Low-cost solar cell

Northeast Blackout of 2003

List of power outages

Potential energy

Calculating the cost of the UK Transmission network: cost per kWh of transmission

Calculating the cost of back up: See spark spread

Load management

National Grid Reserve Service

Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom

Relative cost of electricity generated by different sources

Diesel-electric transmission

Motor-generator

Three-phase electric power

Load bank

References

^ How small emergency generators are used by the National Grid This presentation by also gives statistics for National Grid. Power Convention 2007 10 - 11 September Imperial College, London 2007 http://www.theiet.org/events/2007/12148.cfm Organised by the IET.

^ Letter from National Grid indicating quantities of Reserve Service and Standing Reserve

^ a b Letter from National Grid indicating quantities of Reserve Service and Standing Reserve.

^ Winser, Nick (May 2009). "GB seven year statement 2009". National Grid. http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/sys_09/. Retrieved 2009-09-04. 

^ http://www.claverton-energy.com/commercial-opportunities-for-back-up-generation-and-load-reduction-via-national-grid-the-national-electricity-transmission-system-operator-netso-for-england-scotland-wales-and-offshore.html Commercial Opportunities for Back-Up Generation (including diesel generators) and Load Reduction via National Grid, the National Electricity Transmission System Operator (NETSO) for England, Scotland, Wales and Offshore.

^ http://www.claverton-energy.com/commercial-opportunities-for-back-up-generation-and-load-reduction-via-national-grid-the-national-electricity-transmission-system-operator-netso-for-england-scotland-wales-and-offshore.html Commercial Opportunities for Back-Up Generation (including diesel generators) and Load Reduction via National Grid, the National Electricity Transmission System Operator (NETSO) for England, Scotland, Wales and Offshore.

^ http://www.claverton-energy.com/commercial-opportunities-for-back-up-generation-and-load-reduction-via-national-grid-the-national-electricity-transmission-system-operator-netso-for-england-scotland-wales-and-offshore.html See Claverton Energy Group web site - "Commercial Opportunities for Back-Up Generation and Load Reduction via National Grid, the National Electricity Transmission System Operator (NETSO) for England, Scotland, Wales and Offshore."

^ http://www.claverton-energy.com/commercial-opportunities-for-back-up-generation-and-load-reduction-via-national-grid-the-national-electricity-transmission-system-operator-netso-for-england-scotland-wales-and-offshore.html Commercial Opportunities for Back-Up Generation (including diesel generators) and Load Reduction via National Grid, the National Electricity Transmission System Operator (NETSO) for England, Scotland, Wales and Offshore.

^ WANO. 2005 Performance Indicators.

^ British Energy races against time after worst power cuts in a decade | Business | guardian.co.uk

^ Paper given at Open University conference covering use of diesel generators to assist dealing with intermittency of renewable energy "Diesel Generators for Load Management"

^ Paper given at Claverton Energy Group Conference, Bath October 24th 2008, Covering use of diesel generators to assist National Grid " Turn your standby generators into profit making assets"

^ Andrews, David (June 2007). Emergency diesel standby generators of Wessex Water potential contribution to dealing with renewable energy sources intermittency & variability. 11. The Institution of Diesel and Gas Turbine Engineers. 

^ "Coping with Variability: Integrating Renewables into the Electricity System" A one-day conference held at The Open University on 24th January 2006. Original article content based on a talk given as part of an Open University Seminar, Milton Keynes, England, 24th Jan 2006 http://eeru.open.ac.uk/conferences.htm#jan06 Presentations now published in a book edited by Professors Godfrey Boyle and David Elliot of the Upen University: "Renewable Electricity and the Grid - the challenge of variability" Pub Earthscan. London ISBN 13:978-1-84407-418-1

^ "Renewable Electricity and the Grid - the challenge of variability" Chapter 7 Pages 143 -149.Ed. Godfrey Boyle. Pub Earthscan. London isbn 13:978-1-84407-418-1

^ How small emergency generators are used by the National Grid This presentation by also gives statistics for National Grid. Power Convention 2007 10 - 11 September Imperial College, London 2007

^ http://www.claverton-energy.com/download/147/ Claverton Energy group conference

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Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun Purple Black $395 Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun Purple Black Planet Eclipse has long been known as a market leader in high end paintball markers and accessories. Their aim has always been set high to produce the very best paintball equipment possible. Unashamedly their products to date have always been aimed at the higher end of the paintball market. They are feature laden finished to the very highest standard and immaculately prepared and presented. Entry Level they are not. We understand that not every player has the budget for markers at that level. New or recreational players within the sport may not see the benefit in such fully featured products but why should those players be precluded from receiving exceptional value and quality We believe that they shouldn t be. That was their philosophy when they set out to design their latest paintball marker. One that retains the core elements of all Planet Eclipse markers but comes wrapped in a more affordable package allowing more players to enjoy the "Eclipse Ownership Experience" The challenge was on and we are proud to share with you the... Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun!!! Dimensions: *Weight 930g 2.05lb Including 14.5" Shaft4 Barrel Battery Feed Tube POPS *Length 539mm Including 14.5" Shaft4 Barrel *Height 212mm *Width 33.5mm Materials: *Body 6061 T6 Aluminium *Barrel 6061 T6 Aluminium *Frame Glass Reinforced Nylon *Feed Glass Reinforced Nylon *Eye Covers Glass Reinforced Nylon Electronics: *Interface Single Push Button plus Tourney Lock *Display 1 x Tri Color LED Indicators *Solenoid voltage 9Volts *Processor voltage 5 Volts *Processor 8 Bit 2MHz *Power Supply 1 x 9V (PP3) Battery Hardware: *ASA Mount T Slot mounted adjustable rail with Front Exit OOPS (On Off Purge System) *Trigger Methods Micro Switch *Trigger Mechanism Leaf Spring *Trigger Pivot Self Lubricating Sintered Brass Bushing *Barrel 2 Piece Micro Honed Shaft4 14.5" length 0.693" Bore *Feed Tube Lever Operated Clamping Feed Pneumatics: *Operating Principle In Line Blow Forward Bolt *Solenoid Type High Pressure Solenoid Valve *Drive Mechanism Dual Force Pull Poppet *Bolt Mechanism Rubber Tipped CS Bolt Ergonomics: *Grip Type Contoured Dual Density Grip *Grip Pitch 156mm Firmware: *Firing Modes Semi and Ramping Capped and Uncapped *Debounce Modes 10 Debounce Modes Warranty 12 month limited warranty period on your Eclipse manufactured electro pneumatic marker. The Eclipse electro pneumatic marker is warranted to be free from all manufacturing and production defects for a period of 12 months from the date of manufacture unless a proof of purchase is provided in which case the period of 12 months will be from the time of original purchase. Warranty cover is dependent on successful completion and receipt by Planet Eclipse Limited of warranty registration either in electronic form on the Planet Eclipse :popup https: www.planeteclipse.com warranty website or via mail using the warranty card included in every Eclipse electro pneumatic marker manual.

Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun Red Black $395 Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun Red Black Planet Eclipse has long been known as a market leader in high end paintball markers and accessories. Their aim has always been set high to produce the very best paintball equipment possible. Unashamedly their products to date have always been aimed at the higher end of the paintball market. They are feature laden finished to the very highest standard and immaculately prepared and presented. Entry Level they are not. We understand that not every player has the budget for markers at that level. New or recreational players within the sport may not see the benefit in such fully featured products but why should those players be precluded from receiving exceptional value and quality We believe that they shouldn t be. That was their philosophy when they set out to design their latest paintball marker. One that retains the core elements of all Planet Eclipse markers but comes wrapped in a more affordable package allowing more players to enjoy the "Eclipse Ownership Experience" The challenge was on and we are proud to share with you the... Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun!!! Dimensions: *Weight 930g 2.05lb Including 14.5" Shaft4 Barrel Battery Feed Tube POPS *Length 539mm Including 14.5" Shaft4 Barrel *Height 212mm *Width 33.5mm Materials: *Body 6061 T6 Aluminium *Barrel 6061 T6 Aluminium *Frame Glass Reinforced Nylon *Feed Glass Reinforced Nylon *Eye Covers Glass Reinforced Nylon Electronics: *Interface Single Push Button plus Tourney Lock *Display 1 x Tri Color LED Indicators *Solenoid voltage 9Volts *Processor voltage 5 Volts *Processor 8 Bit 2MHz *Power Supply 1 x 9V (PP3) Battery Hardware: *ASA Mount T Slot mounted adjustable rail with Front Exit OOPS (On Off Purge System) *Trigger Methods Micro Switch *Trigger Mechanism Leaf Spring *Trigger Pivot Self Lubricating Sintered Brass Bushing *Barrel 2 Piece Micro Honed Shaft4 14.5" length 0.693" Bore *Feed Tube Lever Operated Clamping Feed Pneumatics: *Operating Principle In Line Blow Forward Bolt *Solenoid Type High Pressure Solenoid Valve *Drive Mechanism Dual Force Pull Poppet *Bolt Mechanism Rubber Tipped CS Bolt Ergonomics: *Grip Type Contoured Dual Density Grip *Grip Pitch 156mm Firmware: *Firing Modes Semi and Ramping Capped and Uncapped *Debounce Modes 10 Debounce Modes Warranty 12 month limited warranty period on your Eclipse manufactured electro pneumatic marker. The Eclipse electro pneumatic marker is warranted to be free from all manufacturing and production defects for a period of 12 months from the date of manufacture unless a proof of purchase is provided in which case the period of 12 months will be from the time of original purchase. Warranty cover is dependent on successful completion and receipt by Planet Eclipse Limited of warranty registration either in electronic form on the Planet Eclipse :popup https: www.planeteclipse.com warranty website or via mail using the warranty card included in every Eclipse electro pneumatic marker manual.

Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun Blue Black $395 Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun Blue Black Planet Eclipse has long been known as a market leader in high end paintball markers and accessories. Their aim has always been set high to produce the very best paintball equipment possible. Unashamedly their products to date have always been aimed at the higher end of the paintball market. They are feature laden finished to the very highest standard and immaculately prepared and presented. Entry Level they are not. We understand that not every player has the budget for markers at that level. New or recreational players within the sport may not see the benefit in such fully featured products but why should those players be precluded from receiving exceptional value and quality We believe that they shouldn t be. That was their philosophy when they set out to design their latest paintball marker. One that retains the core elements of all Planet Eclipse markers but comes wrapped in a more affordable package allowing more players to enjoy the "Eclipse Ownership Experience" The challenge was on and we are proud to share with you the... Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun!!! Dimensions: *Weight 930g 2.05lb Including 14.5" Shaft4 Barrel Battery Feed Tube POPS *Length 539mm Including 14.5" Shaft4 Barrel *Height 212mm *Width 33.5mm Materials: *Body 6061 T6 Aluminium *Barrel 6061 T6 Aluminium *Frame Glass Reinforced Nylon *Feed Glass Reinforced Nylon *Eye Covers Glass Reinforced Nylon Electronics: *Interface Single Push Button plus Tourney Lock *Display 1 x Tri Color LED Indicators *Solenoid voltage 9Volts *Processor voltage 5 Volts *Processor 8 Bit 2MHz *Power Supply 1 x 9V (PP3) Battery Hardware: *ASA Mount T Slot mounted adjustable rail with Front Exit OOPS (On Off Purge System) *Trigger Methods Micro Switch *Trigger Mechanism Leaf Spring *Trigger Pivot Self Lubricating Sintered Brass Bushing *Barrel 2 Piece Micro Honed Shaft4 14.5" length 0.693" Bore *Feed Tube Lever Operated Clamping Feed Pneumatics: *Operating Principle In Line Blow Forward Bolt *Solenoid Type High Pressure Solenoid Valve *Drive Mechanism Dual Force Pull Poppet *Bolt Mechanism Rubber Tipped CS Bolt Ergonomics: *Grip Type Contoured Dual Density Grip *Grip Pitch 156mm Firmware: *Firing Modes Semi and Ramping Capped and Uncapped *Debounce Modes 10 Debounce Modes Warranty 12 month limited warranty period on your Eclipse manufactured electro pneumatic marker. The Eclipse electro pneumatic marker is warranted to be free from all manufacturing and production defects for a period of 12 months from the date of manufacture unless a proof of purchase is provided in which case the period of 12 months will be from the time of original purchase. Warranty cover is dependent on successful completion and receipt by Planet Eclipse Limited of warranty registration either in electronic form on the Planet Eclipse :popup https: www.planeteclipse.com warranty website or via mail using the warranty card included in every Eclipse electro pneumatic marker manual.

Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun Green Black $395 Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun Green Black Planet Eclipse has long been known as a market leader in high end paintball markers and accessories. Their aim has always been set high to produce the very best paintball equipment possible. Unashamedly their products to date have always been aimed at the higher end of the paintball market. They are feature laden finished to the very highest standard and immaculately prepared and presented. Entry Level they are not. We understand that not every player has the budget for markers at that level. New or recreational players within the sport may not see the benefit in such fully featured products but why should those players be precluded from receiving exceptional value and quality We believe that they shouldn t be. That was their philosophy when they set out to design their latest paintball marker. One that retains the core elements of all Planet Eclipse markers but comes wrapped in a more affordable package allowing more players to enjoy the "Eclipse Ownership Experience" The challenge was on and we are proud to share with you the... Planet Eclipse Etha Paintball Gun!!! Dimensions: *Weight 930g 2.05lb Including 14.5" Shaft4 Barrel Battery Feed Tube POPS *Length 539mm Including 14.5" Shaft4 Barrel *Height 212mm *Width 33.5mm Materials: *Body 6061 T6 Aluminium *Barrel 6061 T6 Aluminium *Frame Glass Reinforced Nylon *Feed Glass Reinforced Nylon *Eye Covers Glass Reinforced Nylon Electronics: *Interface Single Push Button plus Tourney Lock *Display 1 x Tri Color LED Indicators *Solenoid voltage 9Volts *Processor voltage 5 Volts *Processor 8 Bit 2MHz *Power Supply 1 x 9V (PP3) Battery Hardware: *ASA Mount T Slot mounted adjustable rail with Front Exit OOPS (On Off Purge System) *Trigger Methods Micro Switch *Trigger Mechanism Leaf Spring *Trigger Pivot Self Lubricating Sintered Brass Bushing *Barrel 2 Piece Micro Honed Shaft4 14.5" length 0.693" Bore *Feed Tube Lever Operated Clamping Feed Pneumatics: *Operating Principle In Line Blow Forward Bolt *Solenoid Type High Pressure Solenoid Valve *Drive Mechanism Dual Force Pull Poppet *Bolt Mechanism Rubber Tipped CS Bolt Ergonomics: *Grip Type Contoured Dual Density Grip *Grip Pitch 156mm Firmware: *Firing Modes Semi and Ramping Capped and Uncapped *Debounce Modes 10 Debounce Modes Warranty 12 month limited warranty period on your Eclipse manufactured electro pneumatic marker. The Eclipse electro pneumatic marker is warranted to be free from all manufacturing and production defects for a period of 12 months from the date of manufacture unless a proof of purchase is provided in which case the period of 12 months will be from the time of original purchase. Warranty cover is dependent on successful completion and receipt by Planet Eclipse Limited of warranty registration either in electronic form on the Planet Eclipse :popup https: www.planeteclipse.com warranty website or via mail using the warranty card included in every Eclipse electro pneumatic marker manual.

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Flex-Line Dual Ceiling Power Feed 145 $345 Dual function element as a power feed and as a mounting device. Two separate power cables are fed internally through the support and connects to the integrated power feeds, thereby eliminating the use of any exposed cables. The mounting plate fits over a standard J-Box. Recommended placement near center of track run. For use with 8 and 10 gauge power cable. 2 x 300W maximum capacity power feed cable not included. 5 3/4"